سرفصل تنظیمات فنی دوره CCNP Route & Switch (نسخه کامل)

I. Routing Technologies (مفاهیم و تکنولوژی‌های مسیریابی)

1. EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

• EIGRP Fundamentals: Packet Types, RTP, DUAL, Feasible Successor, Successor, RD, FD
• EIGRP Configuration: Basic Configuration, Named EIGRP
• EIGRP Advanced Topics: Authentication, Summarization, Stub Routing, Load Balancing (unequal cost), Metric Tuning
• EIGRP for IPv6

2. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

• OSPF Fundamentals: LSA Types, Router ID, Area Types (Backbone, Standard, Stub, Totally Stubby, NSSA), DR/BDR Election
• OSPF Configuration: Single-Area OSPF, Multi-Area OSPF
• OSPF Advanced Topics: Authentication, Summarization (Inter-Area, External), Virtual Links, Network Types, LSA Filtering
• OSPF for IPv6

3. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

• BGP Fundamentals: AS, Peer Types (iBGP, eBGP), Attributes, Path Selection Process
• BGP Configuration: Basic iBGP/eBGP Peering, Loopback Peering
• BGP Advanced Topics: Route Reflectors, Confederations, Communities, Filtering (Prefix-lists, Route-maps, AS-path filters), Weight, Local Preference, MED
• BGP for IPv6

4. Route Redistribution & Path Control

• Route Redistribution: One-Way, Two-Way Redistribution, Seed Metric
• Loop Prevention in Redistribution: Administrative Distance, Route Tags, Route Maps
• Policy-Based Routing (PBR)
• IP SLA (Service Level Agreement)
• VRF-Lite (VPN Routing/Forwarding)

II. Switching Technologies (مفاهیم و تکنولوژی‌های سوئیچینگ)

1. VLANs and Trunks

• VLAN Concepts: Normal Range, Extended Range
• VLAN Configuration: Creating VLANs, Assigning Ports to VLANs
• Trunking: 802.1Q, Native VLAN, Allowed VLANs
• VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol): Modes (Server, Client, Transparent), Pruning

2. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

• STP Fundamentals: BPDU, Root Bridge, Designated Port, Root Port, Port States
• STP Variants: RSTP, MSTP
• STP Enhancements: PortFast, BPDU Guard, BPDU Filter, Root Guard, Loop Guard, UDLD
• EtherChannel (Link Aggregation): LACP, PAgP, Static

3. Inter-VLAN Routing

• Router-on-a-Stick Configuration
• Layer 3 Switch Inter-VLAN Routing (SVI - Switched Virtual Interface)
• DHCP Relay (IP Helper Address)

4. High Availability & Redundancy

• HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol)
• VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)
• GLBP (Gateway Load Balancing Protocol)
• First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRP) Concepts

III. Infrastructure Services (خدمات زیرساختی)

1. Network Services

• NAT (Network Address Translation): Static, Dynamic, PAT (Port Address Translation)
• NTP (Network Time Protocol)
• Syslog
• SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
• NetFlow

2. IP Services

• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Server, Client, Relay
• DNS (Domain Name System) Concepts
• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

IV. Infrastructure Security (امنیت زیرساخت)

1. Device Security

• Password Security: Enable Secret, Usernames/Passwords
• Secure Management: SSH, HTTPS
• Access Control Lists (ACLs): Standard, Extended, Named, IPv6 ACLs
• Port Security
• DHCP Snooping
• Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI)
• IP Source Guard
• AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting): Local, RADIUS, TACACS+

2. VPN Technologies

• IPsec VPN Fundamentals: IKE, ESP, AH, Transform Sets
• Site-to-Site VPN Configuration (IOS-based)
• SSL VPN (Overview)

V. Infrastructure Management (مدیریت زیرساخت)

1. Device Management

• Cisco IOS CLI Modes
• File Systems: Flash, NVRAM, RAM
• Configuration Backup and Restore
• Software Image Management (IOS Upgrade/Downgrade)
• Password Recovery

2. Troubleshooting (عیب‌یابی)

• Troubleshooting Methodologies
• Using `show` and `debug` Commands
• Troubleshooting Routing Protocols (EIGRP, OSPF, BGP)
• Troubleshooting Switching Issues (VLANs, Trunks, STP, EtherChannel)
• Troubleshooting Infrastructure Services (NAT, DHCP, DNS)
• Troubleshooting Security Issues (ACLs, Port Security)